• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
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  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    PURPOSE: A method for manufacturing a molten carbonate fuel battery is provided to prevent an electric short, as reducing a melting speed of a cathode electrode by decreasing growth of nickle precipitate in an anode electrode, caused by a melting reaction in the cathode electrode and to extend a battery life. CONSTITUTION: A method for manufacturing a molten carbonate fuel battery comprises the steps of: supporting an electrolyte standing between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, by a matrix and a separating plate; gathering an electric charge formed by reacting reaction gas, which is supplied through the separating plate and a manifold with electrodes; including a mixture of yttria and zirconium dioxide in the matrix of the molten carbonate fuel battery, formed on a composition of generating electricity by withdrawing the electricity from the separating plate to outside; decreasing the melting speed of the cathode.
    公开号:KR20000027690A
    申请号:KR1019980045682
    申请日:1998-10-29
    公开日:2000-05-15
    发明作者:윤영기；박석희；최영태
    申请人:윤영석；한국중공업 주식회사；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Manufacturing Method of Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
    The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a molten carbonate fuel cell (hereinafter referred to as MCFC), and in particular, to reduce the dissolution rate of the cathode electrode to prevent electrical short-circuit by nickel precipitates at the anode electrode and The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a molten carbonate fuel cell that can extend its life.
    A fuel cell is a high efficiency, low pollution power generation device that directly converts chemical energy of a reactant into electrical energy. It is expected to be used as a power source with high power generation efficiency and no rotating part, especially as a spacecraft or a mobile power source.
    MCFC uses carbonate alkali such as lithium carbonate and potassium carbonate in the melting of below 500 ℃ as electrolyte and the most widely used composition is 62mol% Li having eutectic point at 490 ℃. 2 CO 3 -38 mol% K 2 CO 3 .
    The electrode uses an anode electrode which is a fuel electrode made of a sintered body in which nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) is mixed, and a cathode electrode which is an oxygen electrode made of nickel oxide (NiO).
    The electrolyte is absorbed and supported by an electrolyte support called a matrix and provides a passage when carbonate ions generated at the oxygen electrode are transferred to the fuel electrode. In addition, it electrically insulates the oxygen electrode and the fuel electrode, prevents reactants such as fuel and air flowing into each electrode from mixing with each other inside the cell and prevents gas exposure to the outside of the cell by using a wet seal function. do.
    In the basic structure of the MCFC, the electrode, the electrolyte, and the matrix described above form a cell as a basic element of the power generating body, and the cell and the separator are alternately stacked in order to create a stack. On the side of the laminate, a manifold for evenly distributing fuel and oxidant to each cell is disposed.
    In this structure, an electrolyte is interposed between the cathode and the anode, so that an oxidation reaction of the reactant occurs at the oxygen electrode, which is the cathode, to supply electrons to the external circuit, and electrons that are donated at the cathode at the anode, which are the anode, A reduction reaction occurs that converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
    In particular, the biggest cause of limiting the lifetime and performance of the molten carbonate fuel cell is the dissolution of the oxygen electrode. The dissolution reaction at the oxygen electrode may be represented by Ni0 → Ni (+2) + O (-2). In other words, the equilibrium in this reaction is determined by the concentrations of Ni (+2) and O (-2) in the electrolyte.
    Here, during operation of the fuel cell, the concentration gradient of Ni (+2) and the electric field formed over the matrix move from the oxygen electrode side to the fuel electrode side to reduce the fuel electrode, and then precipitate to form nickel precipitates. This process is to reduce Ni (+2) by electrons generated in the anode. The reaction can be expressed as Ni (+ 2, electrolyte) + 2e (fuel electrode) → nickel precipitate (fuel electrode). In this case, the nickel precipitate grows in the anode, passes through the matrix, and then reaches the oxygen pole, whereby an electrical path is formed. Occurs and the cell cannot operate normally. As a result, the output of the fuel cell is significantly reduced, resulting in an inoperable state. Once this condition persists, the fuel cell is no longer recoverable.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and a method for improving the performance and fuel life of a fuel cell by reducing the growth rate of the nickel electrode by reducing the growth of nickel precipitates due to the dissolution reaction in the oxygen electrode. The purpose is to provide.
    To this end, it is proposed to include a mixture of zirconium dioxide and yttria in the matrix to reduce the dissolution rate of the oxygen electrode.
    Here, zirconium dioxide can be prepared by adding 0.5 to 3 weight percent of the total weight of the oxygen electrode and the total weight of the fuel electrode, respectively, and the particle size of zirconium dioxide is about 0.1 μm or less.
    Based on the preferred embodiments according to the present invention will be clearly described what the inventors intended.
    MCFC is composed of the electrode which electrochemical reaction, electrolyte of carbonate, electrolyte support which is a tentative matrix which absorbs and supports electrolyte, and separator which connects the flow of the reaction gas, flow of electricity and electricity. .
    Here, an electrode, an electrolyte, and a matrix form one cell as a basic element of a power generating body, and a plurality of cells and separators are alternately stacked to form a stack, and the fuel and oxidant are equally distributed to each cell on the side of the stack. Manifolds for distributing are arranged.
    The electrode uses an anode electrode, which is a fuel electrode made of a sintered body mixed with nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) in powder form, and a cathode electrode, which is an oxygen electrode made of nickel oxide (NiO) in powder form.
    As the electrolyte, carbonate alkalis such as lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ) and potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 ) are melted at below 500 ° C., and the most widely used composition has an eutectic point at 490 ° C. 62 mol% Li 2 CO 3 -38 mol% K 2 CO 3 .
    This electrolyte is absorbed and supported by the matrix and provides a passage when carbonate ions generated at the oxygen electrode are moved to the fuel electrode. In addition, the matrix electrically insulates the oxygen electrode and the fuel electrode, prevents reactants such as fuel and air flowing into each electrode from mixing with each other inside the cell, and uses a wet seal function to prevent gas exposure to the outside of the cell. It also plays a role.
    In the fuel cell having such a structure, an electrolyte is interposed between the oxygen electrode and the fuel electrode, so that an oxidation reaction of the reactant occurs at the oxygen electrode to supply electrons to the external circuit, and the fuel electrode is reduced by electrons donated from the oxygen electrode. The reaction takes place and converts chemical energy into electrical energy.
    In particular, the biggest cause of limiting the lifetime and performance of the molten carbonate fuel cell is the dissolution of the oxygen electrode. In other words, the equilibrium in this reaction is determined by the concentrations of Ni (+2) and O (-2) in the electrolyte. When the concentration of O (-2) in the electrolyte is low, the reaction proceeds in the direction of increasing the concentration of Ni (+2), and Ni (+2) receives electrons from the anode side and is reduced to deposit nickel on the metal. This deposition and growth of nickel provides a path of electron conduction in the matrix, making the fuel cell inoperable due to electrical shorts.
    In order to improve this, the present invention aims to shift the equilibrium by increasing the concentration of O (-2) in the electrolyte in order to lower the concentration of Ni (+2) in the electrolyte.
    That is, it is prepared by impregnating or adding PSZ (Partially stabilized zirconia) to the inside of the matrix and the electrode. The PSZ contains 20 to 30% of Y 2 O 3 in ZrO 2 , and the oxygen solubility is very large because the molar concentration of oxygen vacancy reaches 20 to 30%. The particle size of the PSZ is 0.1 μm or less, so that when it is dispersed in the matrix and the electrode, the oxygen concentration on the surface of the PSZ increases considerably and the concentration of Ni (+2) decreases.
    In particular, when the oxygen electrode and the fuel electrode contain PSZ, the oxygen concentration is increased on the particle surface of the PSZ during the use of the fuel cell by manufacturing the PSZ by adding 0.5 wt% to the weight of each electrode (wt.%). Therefore, the concentration of Ni (+2) is relatively low.
    Therefore, the solubility of Ni in the electrolyte can be reduced and further the dissolution rate of the oxygen electrode can be reduced.
    As described above, the embodiment of the present invention substantially solves the conventional problems.
    In other words, by impregnating or adding PSZ having a molar concentration of oxygen vacancies of 20 to 30% to the matrix and the electrode, it is possible to lower the concentration of Ni (+2) in the electrolyte to reduce the dissolution rate of the oxygen electrode when using a fuel cell. Can be.
    Therefore, the effect of extending the lifespan can be obtained to improve the performance of the molten carbonate fuel cell.
    权利要求:
    Claims (5)
    [1" claim-type="Currently amended] The anode and the cathode electrode and the electrolyte interposed therebetween are supported by the matrix and the separator, and the reaction gas supplied through the separator and the manifold reacts with the electrodes to collect the charges generated in close contact with the separator. In a molten carbonate fuel cell having a structure that is collected in the front plate, and is drawn out to the outside from the separation plate to generate electricity, a mixture of zirconium dioxide and yttria is prepared in the matrix to improve the dissolution rate of the cathode electrode Method for producing a molten carbonate fuel cell, characterized in that for reducing.
    [2" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 1, wherein the cathode electrode is made of powder of nickel oxide.
    [3" claim-type="Currently amended] The method of claim 1, wherein the anode electrode is made of nickel-chromium powder.
    [4" claim-type="Currently amended] 4. The molten carbonate fuel according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the zirconium dioxide is prepared by adding 0.5 to 3 weight percent, respectively, based on the total weight of the cathode electrode and the total weight of the anode electrode. Method for producing a battery.
    [5" claim-type="Currently amended] 5. The method of claim 4, wherein the particle size of the zirconium dioxide is about 0.1 [mu] m or less.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    法律状态:
    1998-10-29|Application filed by 윤영석, 한국중공업 주식회사
    1998-10-29|Priority to KR1019980045682A
    2000-05-15|Publication of KR20000027690A
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    KR1019980045682A|KR20000027690A|1998-10-29|1998-10-29|Method for manufacturing molten carbonate fuel battery|
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